Hematological disorders such as anemia, sickle cell disease, and leukemia are silent yet devastating threats to global health, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations in Africa and other resource-limited regions. These conditions, which account for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, are far more than clinical challenges; they are deeply intertwined with systemic inequities, socio-economic barriers, and cultural stigmas. Addressing their complex impact demands more than just medical intervention—it requires a paradigm shift that integrates public health strategies at every level of care.
This critical need for innovation was the focus of a groundbreaking research presentation by Dr. Oluchi Aloy-Amadi at the prestigious New York Learning Hub’s symposium. A senior lecturer in the Department of Medical Laboratory Science at Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria, and a seasoned facilitator at the New York Learning Hub’s Postgraduate Diploma in Public Health Management, Dr. Aloy-Amadi exemplifies the fusion of academic rigor and practical expertise. Her work transcends borders, offering solutions that are both globally relevant and locally actionable.
Dr. Aloy-Amadi’s research examines the transformative potentialities of public health strategies in the prevention and management of hematological disorders. Employing a mixed-methods approach, her study combines quantitative analysis of 120 participants—including patients, healthcare professionals, and policymakers—with qualitative insights from eight case studies across diverse institutional settings. The results are both compelling and sobering: adherence to public health strategies such as community engagement, education programs, and resource optimization was strongly associated with improved patient outcomes, including enhanced hemoglobin levels and reduced hospitalizations. However, her findings also spotlight significant barriers, including resource scarcity, awareness gaps, and persistent cultural stigmas that impede the effectiveness of interventions.
“This research goes beyond numbers,” Dr. Aloy-Amadi emphasized during her presentation. “It’s about understanding the lives behind the statistics and finding sustainable ways to bridge gaps in care delivery. Public health strategies are not just supplemental—they are foundational.”
Her research offers a clear roadmap for action. Among the proposed solutions are investments in healthcare infrastructure, implementation of technology-driven patient monitoring systems, and the development of culturally sensitive community-based programs. These recommendations are grounded in evidence and designed to empower policymakers, healthcare providers, and stakeholders to address not just the symptoms of hematological disorders but their root causes.
Dr. Aloy-Amadi’s work is a call to action for a collaborative and multi-faceted approach to healthcare. By addressing systemic inequities while fostering local engagement, her vision represents a holistic, evidence-based strategy for reducing the global burden of blood disorders. Her research is a testament to the power of knowledge, collaboration, and innovation in transforming healthcare systems and ensuring equitable care for all.
As the world grapples with the persistent challenges of delivering accessible and sustainable healthcare, Dr. Aloy-Amadi’s insights offer a blueprint for change. Her pioneering research bridges continents, disciplines, and communities, proving that with commitment and ingenuity, transformative progress is possible—even against the most daunting global health challenges.
For collaboration and partnership opportunities or to explore research publication and presentation details, visit newyorklearninghub.com or contact them via WhatsApp at +1 (929) 342-8540. This platform is where innovation intersects with practicality, driving the future of research work to new heights.
Full publication is below with the author’s consent.
Abstract
Integrating Public Health Management Strategies in Hematology: Advancing Care and Prevention of Blood Disorders
Hematological disorders, encompassing conditions such as anemia, sickle cell disease, and leukemia, represent a significant global health challenge, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality. Effective management of these conditions requires the integration of public health strategies to address not only clinical outcomes but also systemic and socio-economic barriers. This study investigates the impact of public health management strategies on the prevention and care of blood disorders, employing a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative analysis with qualitative case studies. The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies, identify barriers to their implementation, and propose actionable solutions to improve outcomes.
Quantitative data were collected from 120 participants, including patients, healthcare professionals, and policymakers, through structured surveys. Regression analysis, based on a linear equation (Y=β0+β1X+ϵ), demonstrated a statistically significant positive relationship between adherence to public health strategies and improved patient outcomes, such as enhanced hemoglobin levels and reduced hospitalization rates. Qualitative insights, derived from case studies of eight institutions and semi-structured interviews, highlighted key enablers, including strong community engagement, resource availability, and effective education programs. Conversely, barriers such as resource constraints, awareness gaps, and cultural stigma were identified as critical challenges to the success of public health interventions.
The findings highlight the integration of public health strategies into hematology. Quantitative results validate the measurable benefits of adherence, while qualitative insights provide a much better understanding of contextual factors influencing program implementation. Together, these results emphasize the importance of a multi-faceted approach that addresses both systemic and individual-level factors.
This study concludes with recommendations, including the enhancement of healthcare infrastructure, investment in education and awareness campaigns, integration of technology to monitor adherence, and the implementation of community-based interventions. Policymakers, healthcare providers, and stakeholders must collaborate to ensure that public health strategies are sustainable, culturally sensitive, and equitably accessible.
By addressing the barriers and leveraging the enablers identified in this research, the integration of public health management strategies into hematology has the potential to significantly improve prevention, care, and outcomes for individuals with blood disorders. This research serves as a foundation for advancing evidence-based policies and practices, ultimately reducing the global burden of hematological disorders and strengthening healthcare systems.
Chapter 1: Introduction
Hematological disorders, ranging from common conditions such as anemia to more complex diseases like leukemia and hemophilia, pose a significant global health burden. These disorders not only affect the physical health of individuals but also place a substantial strain on healthcare systems, particularly in resource-limited settings. Public health management strategies have emerged as critical tools for improving the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these conditions. However, integrating these strategies into hematology remains a challenge due to factors such as limited resources, insufficient awareness, and fragmented healthcare systems. This research seeks to address these gaps by examining how public health management strategies can be effectively applied to improve care and prevent blood disorders.
The objective of this study is twofold. First, it aims to evaluate the effectiveness of current public health interventions in the prevention and management of hematological disorders. Second, it seeks to identify barriers to the adoption of these strategies and propose actionable recommendations to overcome them. By leveraging a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative case studies, this research intends to provide a holistic understanding of the interplay between public health policies and hematology outcomes.
The quantitative component of this research involves surveying 120 participants, including patients, healthcare professionals, and policymakers. Using regression analysis, the study will explore relationships between adherence to public health strategies and treatment outcomes. A straight-line equation will form the backbone of this analysis, ensuring clarity and precision in interpreting the data. Simultaneously, the qualitative component will focus on case studies of institutions that have successfully implemented public health management strategies in hematology. These case studies will provide valuable insights into real-world applications and challenges, complementing the quantitative findings.
The significance of this research lies in its potential to bridge the gap between public health management and hematology. By systematically examining existing strategies and proposing data-driven solutions, the study aims to advance care delivery and prevention efforts for blood disorders. Moreover, it emphasizes the importance of integrating mathematical modeling into public health initiatives, enabling more accurate predictions and effective decision-making.
In summary, this chapter establishes the foundation for the research by highlighting the critical need to integrate public health management strategies in hematology. It sets clear objectives and outlines the methodological approach, paving the way for a comprehensive exploration of how these strategies can enhance the prevention and treatment of blood disorders. The study seeks to contribute meaningful insights that can inform policy development, improve patient outcomes, and address global health disparities in hematological care.
Chapter 2: Literature Review
Overview of Hematological Disorders
Hematological disorders, ranging from anemia and sickle cell disease to malignancies like leukemia, account for a substantial global disease burden. Anemia remains the most common blood disorder, disproportionately affecting women and children in low-income regions due to malnutrition and inadequate healthcare access (Mildon et al., 2023). Complex diseases like leukemia require resource-intensive treatments, challenging to implement in resource-constrained settings (Gopal, 2023). Despite medical advancements, disparities in diagnostic and therapeutic access persist, necessitating robust public health strategies (Ahmed et al., 2023).
Public Health Strategies in Hematology
Public health initiatives such as anemia control programs and genetic counseling for hereditary disorders like sickle cell anemia have shown promise in reducing prevalence (Mildon et al., 2023). However, these strategies often lack integration with broader healthcare systems, limiting their effectiveness (Iyamu et al., 2022). For example, vaccination campaigns for conditions linked to hematological malignancies remain fragmented, with challenges in cross-sectoral collaboration (Liburd et al., 2020).
Theoretical Frameworks Guiding Research
Frameworks like the Health Belief Model (HBM) and Systems Theory offer critical insights. HBM highlights individual risk perceptions and health-seeking behaviors, essential for tailoring patient-centered interventions (Gopal, 2023). Systems Theory provides a holistic view, emphasizing the need for multi-level coordination among healthcare providers, policymakers, and patients (Iyamu et al., 2022).
Quantitative Approaches and Mathematical Modeling
Mathematical modeling, such as regression analyses, has been underutilized in hematology public health strategies. These models could optimize resource allocation and predict disease trends, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of interventions (Reeves et al., 2019). Yet, significant gaps exist in applying these tools to manage blood disorders effectively (Trankle et al., 2019).
Identified Gaps and Opportunities
Key gaps include:
- Insufficient application of mathematical modeling in public health planning (Iyamu et al., 2022).
- Lack of generalizable, evidence-based case studies for broader implementation (Dickerson et al., 2019).
- Persistent socio-economic barriers hindering intervention efficacy (Liburd et al., 2020).
A robust integration of public health strategies with hematology, guided by theoretical models and enhanced by quantitative tools, is vital. Addressing these gaps can lead to improved prevention, management, and outcomes for hematological disorders.
Chapter 3: Methodology
This study employs a mixed-methods approach to explore the integration of public health management strategies into hematology, with a focus on advancing care and prevention for blood disorders. Combining quantitative and qualitative methods ensures a comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness, barriers, and real-world applications of these strategies. The methodology is designed to provide robust and actionable insights, utilizing mathematical analysis alongside case studies to address the research objectives.
Research Design
The mixed-methods design comprises two complementary components:
- Quantitative Analysis: This involves collecting and analyzing data from a survey of 120 participants, including patients diagnosed with hematological disorders, healthcare professionals, and policymakers. The quantitative approach uses a regression model to examine the relationship between adherence to public health strategies and patient outcomes.
- Qualitative Analysis: Case studies and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders provide deeper insights into the contextual factors influencing the success or failure of public health interventions in hematology.
This dual approach ensures that the research captures both the measurable impacts of interventions and the nuanced, human-centered aspects of their implementation.
Quantitative Component
Participants: A total of 120 participants will be recruited using stratified random sampling to ensure representation across demographics, geographic regions, and types of blood disorders. Inclusion criteria include:
- Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of a hematological disorder.
- Healthcare professionals involved in hematology care.
- Policymakers or administrators in public health programs.
Data Collection: A structured survey will be administered to assess variables such as intervention adherence, patient outcomes, resource availability, and program awareness.
Data Analysis:
A linear regression model will be employed to analyze the relationship between adherence to public health strategies (independent variable) and improved patient outcomes (dependent variable). The equation used is: Y=β0+β1X+ϵ
Y: Patient outcomes (e.g., improvement in hemoglobin levels or reduction in hospitalization rates).
X: Adherence to public health interventions.
β0: Intercept, representing baseline outcomes without interventions.
β1: Coefficient representing the strength of the relationship.
ϵ: Error term.
Data will be analyzed using statistical software such as SPSS or R to determine significance, trends, and predictive validity.
Qualitative Component
- Case Studies: In-depth analysis of 5-8 institutions that have implemented public health strategies in hematology. These institutions will be selected based on diverse factors such as geographic location, resource availability, and success rates.
- Semi-Structured Interviews: Key stakeholders, including patients, caregivers, healthcare providers, and policymakers, will participate in interviews to share their experiences, challenges, and perspectives on public health strategies in hematology.
- Data Analysis: A thematic analysis will be conducted using NVivo software to identify recurring themes, patterns, and contextual factors influencing intervention outcomes.
Sampling and Recruitment
Stratified random sampling ensures diverse representation of participants. Recruitment will be facilitated through collaboration with hospitals, public health organizations, and community advocacy groups. Participants will be provided with clear information about the study and their consent will be obtained before involvement.
Ethical Considerations
The research adheres to strict ethical guidelines to ensure the safety, confidentiality, and dignity of participants:
- Informed Consent: Participants will receive detailed information about the study, including its purpose, procedures, and potential risks or benefits.
- Confidentiality: All data will be anonymized and stored securely to protect participant identities.
- Approval: The study will obtain approval from an Institutional Review Board (IRB) or an equivalent ethics committee before data collection begins.
Rationale for Mixed-Methods Approach
This methodology is chosen for its ability to address both the “what” and the “why” of the research objectives. Quantitative analysis provides measurable evidence of intervention effectiveness, while qualitative methods offer rich, contextual insights. Together, these methods ensure that the research delivers actionable recommendations grounded in both data and lived experiences.
Read also: Okoroafor’s Vision: Strategic Leadership For Africa’s Future
The methodology outlined in this chapter provides a comprehensive and ethical framework for exploring the integration of public health management strategies in hematology. By leveraging both quantitative rigor and qualitative depth, this approach aims to generate meaningful insights that can inform policy development, enhance intervention strategies, and ultimately improve outcomes for individuals with blood disorders.
Chapter 4: Results
This chapter presents the findings of the study, highlighting the outcomes of both quantitative and qualitative analyses. The results offer insights into the effectiveness of public health management strategies in hematology, as well as the barriers and facilitators to their implementation. By combining statistical data with thematic insights, this chapter provides a comprehensive understanding of how public health interventions impact care and prevention for hematological disorders.
Quantitative Results
The quantitative analysis focused on evaluating the relationship between adherence to public health strategies and patient outcomes. Data from 120 participants, comprising patients, healthcare professionals, and policymakers, were analyzed using a linear regression model. The model explored the predictive relationship between adherence to public health interventions (independent variable) and patient outcomes, such as improved hemoglobin levels, reduced hospitalization rates, and enhanced quality of life (dependent variable).
The linear regression equation used was:
Y=β0+β1X+ϵ
Where:
Y represents patient outcomes.
X denotes adherence to interventions.
β0 is the intercept, indicating baseline outcomes without intervention.
β1 is the coefficient representing the impact of adherence.
ϵ accounts for error variability.
Key findings include:
A positive and statistically significant correlation (p<0.01) between adherence to public health strategies and improved patient outcomes. For every one-unit increase in adherence, patient outcomes improved by 1.8 units (β1=1.8).
High levels of adherence were associated with a 30% reduction in hospitalization rates among patients with chronic hematological conditions.
Visualization of results demonstrated a linear trend, reinforcing the predictive validity of the model.
These findings explain the role of adherence to public health interventions in enhancing health outcomes for individuals with blood disorders.
Qualitative Results
The qualitative analysis included case studies of eight healthcare institutions and semi-structured interviews with 15 stakeholders. Thematic analysis of the data revealed several key insights:
Success Factors:
- Collaborative Practices: Institutions that integrated cross-disciplinary teams reported higher success rates in implementing public health strategies.
- Community Engagement: Programs with active community participation and education initiatives demonstrated greater adherence among patients.
- Resource Availability: Access to essential diagnostic tools and medications was a consistent enabler of program success.
Barriers:
- Awareness and Education Gaps: Many patients and caregivers lacked understanding of the importance of public health strategies, leading to low adherence.
- Systemic Challenges: Inadequate funding, fragmented healthcare infrastructure, and policy inconsistencies hindered the effective implementation of interventions.
- Cultural Sensitivities: In some communities, cultural beliefs and stigma surrounding blood disorders posed challenges to program acceptance.
Opportunities for Improvement:
Incorporating technology, such as telemedicine and digital tracking tools, was frequently suggested as a means to enhance adherence and program efficiency.
Training programs for healthcare providers were identified as a crucial step in addressing gaps in knowledge and practice.
Integration of Findings
The mixed-methods approach revealed important connections between the quantitative and qualitative results. For example, institutions with high adherence rates (as identified through quantitative analysis) often shared common characteristics, such as robust community engagement and adequate resource allocation, which were identified in the qualitative findings. These insights highlight the interplay between measurable outcomes and contextual factors, providing a holistic understanding of public health strategies in hematology.
The results presented in this chapter demonstrate the effectiveness of public health strategies in improving outcomes for individuals with hematological disorders. While quantitative analysis confirms the positive impact of adherence to these strategies, qualitative insights provide a deeper understanding of the barriers and facilitators influencing their success. Together, these findings corroborate the importance of a multi-faceted approach to integrating public health management into hematology, paving the way for recommendations in subsequent chapters.
Chapter 5: Discussion
This chapter interprets the results presented in Chapter 4, linking them to the research objectives, existing literature, and theoretical frameworks. The findings illuminate the effectiveness of public health strategies in hematology and provide a nuanced understanding of the barriers and enablers to their success. By integrating quantitative data with qualitative insights, this discussion offers actionable recommendations for advancing the prevention and care of blood disorders through public health management.
Effectiveness of Public Health Strategies
The quantitative analysis revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between adherence to public health strategies and improved patient outcomes. These findings align with existing literature that emphasizes the importance of structured public health interventions, such as education programs, early screening, and preventative care, in addressing hematological disorders. For instance, patients who adhered to iron supplementation protocols or engaged with community awareness campaigns demonstrated significant improvements in hemoglobin levels and reductions in hospitalization rates.
The regression model further reinforced the predictive power of adherence. With a coefficient (β1=1.8) indicating a notable impact on patient outcomes, it is evident that targeted public health strategies can yield measurable health benefits. These results validate the hypothesis that structured public health management has a direct and positive effect on the treatment and prevention of hematological disorders.
Barriers to Success
Despite the positive findings, the qualitative analysis highlighted persistent barriers that hinder the widespread adoption and effectiveness of public health strategies. The most prominent challenges included:
- Resource Constraints: Limited access to diagnostic tools, medications, and trained healthcare professionals emerged as a significant issue, particularly in low-resource settings.
- Awareness Gaps: Both patients and healthcare providers demonstrated varying levels of awareness regarding the importance of public health interventions. This gap often translated into poor adherence to prescribed strategies.
- Cultural and Social Factors: Stigma surrounding blood disorders and cultural misconceptions posed challenges to program implementation and acceptance in certain communities.
These barriers underscore the need for holistic interventions that address both systemic and individual-level factors, ensuring that strategies are accessible, equitable, and culturally sensitive.
Integration of Quantitative and Qualitative Insights
The mixed-methods approach of this study offers a deeper understanding of the interplay between measurable outcomes and contextual realities. Quantitative findings demonstrated the tangible benefits of adherence to public health strategies, while qualitative data provided the contextual nuances that explain why certain interventions succeed or fail. For example, institutions with higher adherence rates often had strong community engagement and sufficient resources, as identified in the case studies. This integration highlights the importance of tailoring interventions to the unique needs and circumstances of target populations.
Implications for Public Health Policy
The results of this study have significant implications for public health policy and practice:
- Investment in Infrastructure: Enhancing diagnostic and treatment infrastructure is critical to improving access to care for patients with hematological disorders.
- Education and Training: Comprehensive education programs for both patients and healthcare providers can bridge knowledge gaps and promote adherence to public health strategies.
- Community-Based Interventions: Leveraging community engagement and addressing cultural sensitivities can improve the acceptance and effectiveness of interventions.
Alignment with Theoretical Frameworks
The findings align closely with the Health Belief Model (HBM) and Systems Theory. The HBM emphasizes the importance of perceived benefits and barriers, which were evident in the themes of awareness and accessibility identified in the qualitative analysis. Systems Theory, with its focus on interconnectedness, highlights the need for cross-sectoral collaboration between healthcare providers, policymakers, and communities to ensure the success of public health strategies.
Limitations and Future Directions
While this study provides valuable insights, certain limitations must be acknowledged:
- Sample Size and Generalizability: The study’s sample size, though sufficient for the research objectives, may limit the generalizability of the findings to larger populations.
- Focus on Adherence: While adherence was a key variable, future research should explore additional factors, such as the long-term sustainability of interventions and their cost-effectiveness.
Future studies could also incorporate advanced analytical techniques, such as machine learning models, to predict intervention outcomes more accurately and explore broader datasets to enhance generalizability.
This chapter discussed the study’s findings within the context of existing literature and theoretical frameworks, highlighting the effectiveness of public health strategies in hematology and the barriers that impede their success. By integrating quantitative and qualitative insights, this research provides actionable recommendations to enhance public health interventions and improve outcomes for individuals with hematological disorders. These findings pave the way for a data-driven, community-centered approach to advancing care and prevention in hematology, which will be further detailed in the next chapter.
Chapter 6: Conclusion and Recommendations
This chapter synthesizes the findings of the study, highlighting key takeaways and offering actionable recommendations for integrating public health management strategies into hematology. By addressing the gaps identified through quantitative and qualitative analyses, the study provides a roadmap for advancing care and prevention for blood disorders, emphasizing the importance of a holistic, data-driven approach.
Key Findings
The study demonstrates that adherence to public health management strategies significantly improves patient outcomes in hematology. Quantitative analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between intervention adherence and metrics such as hemoglobin levels, reduced hospitalization rates, and enhanced quality of life. The regression model underscored the predictive power of adherence, confirming its critical role in achieving better health outcomes.
Qualitative insights enriched these findings by providing context. Institutions with high adherence rates exhibited strong community engagement, sufficient resource allocation, and robust education programs. Conversely, barriers such as resource constraints, lack of awareness, and cultural stigma hindered the success of interventions, particularly in low-resource settings.
Practical Recommendations
The research findings inform several actionable recommendations for policymakers, healthcare providers, and community stakeholders:
Enhancing Infrastructure and Resources:
- Invest in diagnostic tools, treatment facilities, and medication supplies to address resource gaps, especially in underserved areas.
- Expand funding for public health programs targeting hematological disorders, ensuring equitable access to essential services.
Education and Awareness Campaigns:
- Launch nationwide education programs to raise awareness among patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers about the importance of public health strategies.
- Develop culturally sensitive materials tailored to specific communities to overcome stigma and misconceptions about blood disorders.
Community-Based Interventions:
- Leverage community health workers to engage with local populations, fostering trust and encouraging participation in public health programs.
- Implement genetic counseling and screening initiatives for hereditary blood disorders, particularly in regions with high prevalence rates.
Technology Integration:
- Utilize digital health tools, such as telemedicine platforms and mobile apps, to enhance access to care and monitor patient adherence remotely.
- Apply data analytics and predictive modeling to optimize resource allocation and intervention strategies.
Training Healthcare Professionals:
Offer specialized training programs for healthcare providers to ensure they are equipped to implement and sustain public health interventions in hematology.
Policy Implications
The study emphasizes the need for an integrated, multi-sectoral approach to hematology care. Policymakers should prioritize collaboration between public health agencies, healthcare institutions, and community organizations to create sustainable, scalable strategies. Furthermore, incorporating mathematical modeling into policy development can improve decision-making and resource optimization.
Limitations and Future Research
While this study provides valuable insights, certain limitations warrant further exploration:
- The sample size, while sufficient for the study’s scope, may limit the generalizability of the findings. Future research should expand to larger and more diverse populations.
- The focus on adherence as a primary variable excludes other potential factors, such as cost-effectiveness and long-term sustainability, which should be explored in subsequent studies.
Future research should also investigate the role of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, in enhancing public health strategies for hematology. Additionally, longitudinal studies could assess the long-term impact of interventions on patient outcomes and healthcare systems.
This research highlights the importance of integrating public health management strategies into hematology. By demonstrating the effectiveness of these strategies and identifying barriers to their success, the study provides a strong foundation for evidence-based policy and practice. The recommendations outlined here offer a clear pathway for advancing care and prevention for blood disorders, emphasizing the importance of collaboration, education, and innovation.
Through sustained efforts and a commitment to equity, the integration of public health strategies into hematology has the potential to significantly reduce the burden of blood disorders, improve patient outcomes, and enhance the resilience of healthcare systems worldwide. This study serves as a call to action for all stakeholders to work collectively toward these goals.
References
Gopal, S., 2023. The case for prioritizing malignant hematology services in low- and middle-income countries. Seminars in Hematology. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminhematol.2023.08.005.
Mildon, A., López de Romaña, D., Jefferds, M., Rogers, L., Golan, J., & Arabi, M., 2023. Integrating and coordinating programs for the management of anemia across the life course. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1525, pp. 160–172. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15002.
Ahmed, A. N., Crabtree, V., Sirrine, E. H., Elliott, A., Antoniotti, N. M., Horn, S., Turner, E., & Parris, K. R., 2023. Development and implementation of a telemental health program for caregivers in a children’s hospital setting. Telemedicine Journal and e-Health. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2023.0004.
Iyamu, I., Gómez-Ramírez, O., Xu, A. X. T., Chang, H. J., Watt, S., Mckee, G., & Gilbert, M., 2022. Challenges in the development of digital public health interventions and mapped solutions: Findings from a scoping review. Digital Health, 8. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076221102255.
Liburd, L., Hall, J. E., Mpofu, J., Williams, S. M., Bouye, K., & Penman-Aguilar, A., 2020. Addressing health equity in public health practice: Frameworks, promising strategies, and measurement considerations. Annual Review of Public Health. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094119.
Reeves, P., Edmunds, K., Searles, A., & Wiggers, J., 2019. Economic evaluations of public health implementation-interventions: A systematic review and guideline for practice. Public Health, 169, pp. 101–113. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2019.01.012.
Dickerson, J., Bird, P., Bryant, M., Dharni, N., Bridges, S., Willan, K., Ahern, S., Dunn, A. C., Nielsen, D., Uphoff, E., Bywater, T., Bowyer-Crane, C., Sahota, P., Small, N., Howell, M., Thornton, G., Pickett, K., McEachan, R., & Wright, J., 2019. Integrating research and system-wide practice in public health: Lessons learnt from Better Start Bradford. BMC Public Health, 19. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6554-2.
Trankle, S., Usherwood, T., Abbott, P., Roberts, M., Crampton, M., Girgis, C., Riskallah, J., Chang, Y., Saini, J., & Reath, J., 2019. Integrating healthcare in Australia: A qualitative evaluation. BMC Health Services Research, 19. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4780-z.