United Nations peacekeepers are currently in the concluding parts of their withdrawal from Mali after a long-running mission lasting a decade.
Minusma – the Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission – began in 2013 after an armed rebellion, but has been asked to leave by the country’s ruling military government.
The chief of the UN mission said it accomplished a lot but not to the level expected.
After Lebanon, Minusma was the second-deadliest UN operation globally with around 310 peacekeepers lost.
When Mali informed the UN in the summer that its 12,000 peacekeepers had to depart, the UN Security Council decided to end the operation.
For months, UN employees have been resigning in phases, with a deadline of December 31 for complete departure.
On Friday, local media reported that Minusma had handed over control of one of its last major camps in the northern Timbuktu region ahead of the deadline, for security reasons.
Timbuktu was one of three sites which were supposed to remain open to manage the end of the mission after 31 December, but the UN was worried about the presence of militants, reports said.
El-Ghassim Wane, head of the UN mission, said in a recorded statement that there was a “gap between what we were mandated to do and we were able to do”.
“We did a lot but definitely it was below expectations and below the needs,” he added.
Security in Mali is fragile, with armed Islamist and independence movements active.
Mali’s government is also building closer ties to Russia – including by relying on the Wagner mercenary group – just as Western influence declines.
The mission began 10 years ago, after separatist rebels and Islamist fighters banded together and occupied northern Mali in an effort to create a separate state.
France sent troops to try and put down the uprising, followed by UN peacekeepers.
The threat from Islamist militants, who have killed several thousand people and forced tens of thousands from their homes, continued over the years.
And despite the presence of UN peacekeepers and French troops, who led counter-terror operations, the number of terror attacks in Mali steadily increased, as did the number of Malians joining insurgent groups. France announced it was withdrawing troops last year.
Mali has been run by military leaders following two coups in 2020 and 2021.